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is a national holiday in Japan celebrated annually on February 11, celebrating the foundation of Japan and the accession of its first emperor, Jimmu.〔(Hardacre, Helen. (1989). ''Shinto and the State, 1868-1988,'' ) pp. 101-102.〕 ==History== The origin of National Foundation Day is New Year's Day in the traditional lunisolar calendar. On that day, the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu was celebrated based on ''Nihonshoki'', which states that Emperor Jimmu ascended to the throne on the first day of the first month. In the Meiji period, the Japanese government designated the day as a national holiday. This coincided with the switch from the lunisolar calendar to the Gregorian calendar in 1873. In 1872, when the holiday was originally proclaimed,〔(Rimmer, Thomas ''et al.'' (2005). ''The Columbia Anthology of Modern Japanese Literature,'' ) p. 555 n1.〕 it was January 29 of the Gregorian calendar, which corresponded to Lunar New Year of 1873. Contrary to the government's expectation, this led people to see the day as just Lunar New Year, instead of National Foundation Day. In response, the government moved the holiday to February 11 of the Gregorian calendar in 1873. The government stated that it corresponded to Emperor Jimmu's regnal day but did not publish the exact method of computation. In its original form, the holiday was named .〔(American School in Japan: Japanese Holiday Traditions ). retrieved November 21, 2005〕 The national holiday was supported by those who believed that focusing national attention on the emperor would serve a unifying purpose.〔(Gluck, Carol. (1985) ''Japan's Modern Myths: Ideology in the Late Meiji Period,'' ) p. 85.〕 Publicly linking his rule with the mythical first emperor, Jimmu, and thus Amaterasu, the Meiji Emperor declared himself the one, true ruler of Japan.〔(Hiragana Times: Emperor JINMU ), retrieved November 21, 2005〕 With large parades and festivals, in its time, ''Kigensetsu'' was considered one of the four major holidays of Japan.〔(Bix, Herbert. (2000).''Hirohito And The Making Of Modern Japan,'' p. 384 )〕 Given its reliance on Shintoism and its reinforcement of the Japanese nobility, ''Kigensetsu'' was abolished following World War II. Ironically, February 11 was also the day when General MacArthur approved the draft version of the model Constitution in 1946.〔(Dower, John. (1999). ''Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II,'' ) p. 373.〕 The commemorative holiday was re-established as National Foundation Day in 1966.〔(Lange, Stephen. (1992). ''Emperor Hirohito and Shōwa Japan: A Political Biography,'' ) p. 172.〕 Though stripped of most of its overt references to the Emperor, National Foundation Day was still a day for expressing patriotism and love of the nation in the 1950s.〔( Neary, Ian. (1996). ''Leaders and Leadership in Japan,'' ) p. 239.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Foundation Day」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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